Emerging Materials and Nanotechnology

Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology applies the methods and principles of Nano science and nano medicine to pharmacy to develop new drug delivery systems to overcome the drawbacks of conventional drug delivery systems. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology helps to fight against several diseases by detecting the antigen related to diseases and also by detecting the microorganisms and viruses causing the diseases. Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology has played a really key role to beat several drawbacks of conventional dosage forms for like tablets, capsules etc.

Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology applies the methods and principles of Nano science and nano medicine to pharmacy to develop new drug delivery systems to overcome the drawbacks of conventional drug delivery systems. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology helps to fight against several diseases by detecting the antigen related to diseases and also by detecting the microorganisms and viruses causing the diseases. Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology has played a really key role to beat several drawbacks of conventional dosage forms for like tablets, capsules etc.

As the world-wide demand for energy is predicted to still increase at a rapid rate, it's critical that improved technologies for sustainably producing, converting and storing energy are developed. Materials are key roadblocks to improved performance during a number of important energy technologies including energy storage in batteries and supercapacitors and energy conversion through solar cells, fuel cells, and thermoelectric devices. The University of Texas at Austin is an internationally recognized leader within the development of unpolluted energy materials.

Materials Chemistry provides the loop between atomic, molecular and super molecular behavior and therefore the useful properties of a cloth . It lies at the core of various chemical-using industries. This deals with the atomic nuclei of the materials, and the way they're arranged to supply molecules, crystals, etc. The length scales involved are in angstroms.
Material physics is that the use of physics to explain the physical properties of materials. It is a synthesis of physical sciences like solid mechanics ,chemistry, solid state physics, and materials science. Materials physics is taken under consideration of subset of condensed matter and applies fundamental condensed matter concepts to complex multiphase media, including materials of technological interest.

Smart materials are often defined as materials which can significantly change their mechanical properties (such as shape, stiffness, and viscosity), or their thermal, optical, or electromagnetic properties, during a predictable or controllable manner in response to their environment. Each individual sort of smart material features a different property like volume, viscosity, and conductivity which may be significantly altered.

• Nanoplasmonic structure

• Super hard Materials

• Intelligent sensors

• Nanomaterials in Human Experience

• Amorphous Materials

• Thermodynamics of materials

• Single-molecule electronics

• Single-molecule electronics

• Transparent conducting thin films

• Future of 3D Printing.

The study of the physical and chemical process that rises by the incorporation of two phases, with solid-liquid/ solid–gas/ solid–vacuum/ liquid-gas interfaces is named as Surface Science. The actual applications of surface science in related areas are like chemistry, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and physics is recognized as the Surface Engineering. The chemical reactions at this interfaces are generally termed as Surface Chemistry and are also linked to surface engineering. The significant areas of Surface Science and Engineering are heterogeneous catalysis, electrochemistry, and geochemistry.
 

A nanofluid is a fluid containing nanometer-sized particles, called as nanoparticles. Nanofluids have novel properties that make them potentially useful in many applications like heat transfer including microelectronics, fuel cells, pharmaceutical processes, and hybrid-powered engines cooling/vehicle thermal management, domestic refrigerator, chiller, device , in grinding, machining and in boiler flue gas cooling . All electrified interfaces induce an organized charge distribution near the surface referred as the electrical double layer. Nanofluids even have special acoustical properties and in ultrasonic fields display additional shear-wave reconversion of an event compressional wave; the effect becomes more pronounced as concentration increases.

Nanotechnology engineering is an art of manipulating matter at the nanoscale . Nanotechnology offers an potential of novel nanomaterials for the treatment of surface water, groundwater, and wastewater contaminated by toxic metal ions, organic and inorganic solutes, and microorganisms. Particles of this size have unique physicochemical and surface properties that lend themselves to the novel uses. Moreover, knowledge regarding toxicological effects of engineered nanomaterials on humans and therefore the environment is presented.

As the universe require for energy is predicted to still enlarge at a rapid rate, it's critical that enhanced technologies for the sustainably producing, converting and storing energy are developed. Materials are key roadblocks to improved performance during variety of important energy technologies including energy storage in batteries and super-capacitors and energy conversion through solar cells, fuel cells, and thermoelectric devices.

·Sensors based on emerging devices

·Advanced Materials for energy

·Thermoelectric materials

·Transparent Conductors

·Memory Devices

·Chemical Sensor

The Science and technology of generating substances from inorganic, non-metallic materials within the presence of warmth or by the assistance of high purity chemical solutions is termed as Ceramic Engineering . Ceramics are crystalline materials with partly crystalline structure within the long-range order on the atomic scale. The glass-ceramics is within the short-range atomic scale with an amorphous structure. Ceramics features a unique advantage where it's are often replaced due to its heat resistant capacity. These materials are produced by the sol-gel synthesis or by hydrothermal method. Ceramic materials rise the applications in materials science, chemical, electrical and engineering . It has an exceptional usage in mining, medicine, industry , aerospace, electronics, optical and automotive industries.

Materials which can be magnetized and attracted to a magnet are termed as ferromagnetic materials.   Magnetic Smart Materials also have medical applications and it is predictable that they will increase in the future.  Magnetic Smart Materials also have medical applications and it is predictable that they will increase in the future. Now-a-days Scientists are also occupied on the advancement of synthetic magnetic particles which can be inoculated into the human body for the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Spintronic, also known as spin electronics or fluxtronics, is the study of the intrinsic spin of the electron and its related magnetic moment, in addition to its vital electronic charge, in solid-state devices.

• Quantum Dots
• Electrical Steels
• Optical Characterization
• Magneto-Optical and Photo magnetic effects
• Meta materials

Graphene is the crystalline form of carbon that has two dimensional (2D) properties where it consists of single layer of carbon atom arranged in hexagonal lattice.  Graphite which is one of the allotrope of carbon is the softest material with is very good lubricant and is the conductor of electricity.  Because of its known unique property, it is being used as thermal insulation.  This allotrope of carbon is the basic structure of other allotropes such as diamond, carbon nanotubes, graphite, fullerenes. Carbon Nanotube is the cylindrical form of the allotropes of carbon has unusual thermal conductivity, mechanical and electrical properties and is valuable in the arenas of materials science, nanotechnology, electronic and optics.

• Carbon nanotubes
• Graphene and fullerenes
• Graphene and ultra-tin 2D materials
• Graphene 3D printing
• Uses on carbon Nanotubes
• Graphene The Ultra-Capacitor
• Graphene devices
• Acutators

Polymer technology is one of the most prevalent zone of existing research as it includes the study and application of nanoscience to polymer-nanoparticle matrices, where nanoparticles are those with at least in dimension of less than 100 nm.  Polymer matrix based nanocomposites consist of polymer or copolymer having nanoparticles dispersed in the matrix. Polymer nanotechnology emphases on polymer-based biomaterials, self-assembled polymeric films, nanofabrication of polymers, polymer blends and nanocomposites. Silicon Nano spheres is the extensively known Nano polymer which shows discrete features and harder than silicon. Preceding the age of nanotechnology phase, polymer blends, block copolymer domain frequently attains Nano scale sizes. Some of the natural and synthetic polymers are collagen, enzymes, elastin, cellulose, chitin, plastics, fibers and adhesives.

• Polymer electronics and photonics
• Aqueous Coatings
• Biodegradable Waxes
• Renewable Hot Melt Adhesives
• Biodegradable Polymers
• Nanotechnology in Polymers
• Nanomaterial-polymer composite materials with superior mechanical properties
• Polymer-nanomaterial composites
• Conducting polymers
• Antifouling polymers
• 3D print manufacturing

Biomaterial is defined as a substance that has been engineered to interact with components of living system for both therapeutic and diagnostic purpose. Biomaterials are natural components or it can be synthesized in the laboratory employing metals, ceramics, polymers and composite materials. . The biomaterial science also includes polymer synthesis, drug design, self-assembly of materials, immunology and toxicology. Biomaterials have its wide usage in drug delivery, dental application, surgery and regenerative medicine that mimics the natural function.  

• Nanoelectronics and Quantum nanodevices
• Nanomedicine and Bionanotechnology
• Bio-fuels and Bio-energy
• Tissue Engineering/Regenerative Medicine
• Single Cell Analysis
• Cell Manufacturing
• Shape-memory alloys for biomedical implants
• Biocompatible polymers for tissue engineering
• Self-Assembly 
• Self-Assembly Biointerfaces and Biodevices

The exploration on Materials science and engineering, implies a novel group of materials with its individual logic of effect that cannot be defined just in terms of normal classes of heavy , light or form, construction, and surface. The materials like Salmon leather, Wood-Skin flexible wood panel material, Re Wall Naked board, Bling Crete light-reflecting concrete and several other novelties have shaped astonishing and unique characteristics of the materials. Soft materials are additional evolving class that includes gels, colloids, liquids, foams, and coatings. Materials are the core for scientific and industrial advancements of our life.

The field of regenerative medicine has tremendous potential for improved treatment outcomes and it has been stimulated by advances made in bioengineering over the couple of decades. This techniques is used to combine biometic materials, cells, and bioactive molecules play a decisive role in promoting the regeneration of damaged tissues or as therapeutic systems. The strategies of engineering tissues and assembling functional constructs that they're capable of restoring, revitalizing and retaining lost tissues and organs have impacted the entire spectrum.

• Hydrogels Implementation
• Cosmetic Materials
• Materials in medicine
• Materials Biology
• Materials for Drug Delivery

Nanotechnology is well-defined as handling of matter on atomic, molecular, and supermolecular scale. Earlier, the Nanotechnology was defined as the area of employing atoms and molecules to produce nanoscale products, which are also referred to as molecular nanotechnology. The National Nanotechnology initiative, has defined nanotechnology as the management of material .They are the building blocks of applied nanotechnology. Nanomaterials have led to the production of several materials with the help of Interface and colloid science such as carbon nanotubes, nanorod, fullerene and nanoparticles as well as the properties of nanomaterials differ from those of bulk materials due to their exceptional optical, electronic and mechanical properties.

• Nanobiotechnology

• Nanobiotechnology

• Nanotechnology for Energy and the Environment

• Risks and Regulation of Nanotechnology

• Nanocharacterization & Nanomanufacturing

• Medical and Science Nanotechnology

• Nanosafety

• Nanodiamond devices

• Nanomedicine

Materials Science and engineering is an interdisciplinary study of all materials from glass to those used in aircrafts, which combines extensive natural and manufactured materials that relays the extraction, synthesis, properties, structural characterization, its performance and material processing. Generally, materials are classified into two major divisions as crystalline and non-crystalline materials. The engineering of materials has progression in healthcare industries, medical devices, electronics and photonics, transportation, energy industries as batteries and fuel cells, and nanotechnology. The emerging technologies in materials science comprise of energy materials, nanomaterial, biomaterials, graphene, fullerene, conductive polymers, superalloy, carbon Nanotubes, etc.

• Materials Synthesis

• Quantum Materials

• Novel Materials, Multifunctional Materials

• Transistor gate materials

• Photovoltaic

• Magnetic Materials

• Fracture analysis

• Materials in the field of Medicine

• Materials Characterization

• Materials – Computational Methods

• Materials Processing

• Materials Innovation and Development